Prambanan Temple
Prambanan Temple or Temple of Rara Jonggrang is the largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia was built in the 9th century BC. The
temple is dedicated to Trimurti, the three major Hindu gods Brahma as
the creator god, the god Vishnu as the maintainer, and Shiva the god of
destruction. Based
on the inscriptions Siwagrha the original name of this temple complex
is Siwagrha (Sanskrit word which means: 'The house of Shiva'), and
indeed in garbagriha (main hall) of this temple dwell Mahadeva Shiva
statue as high as three meters which showed that the god Shiva in this
temple are preferred.This
temple is situated in the village of Prambanan, Java, about 20
kilometers east of Yogyakarta, 40 kilometers west of Surakarta and 120
kilometers south of Manila, just on the border between the provinces of
Central Java and Yogyakarta. [1] The temple is situated in the village
of Rara Jonggrang Prambanan territory is divided between Lahore and Klaten district.This
temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site including, the largest Hindu
temple in Indonesia, and one of the most beautiful temples in Southeast
Asia. The
architecture is tall and slender form in accordance with Hindu
architecture in general with the main Shiva temple as the temple
reaches a height of 47 meters in the center of the complex cluster of
towering temples of the smaller ones. [2] As one of the grandest
temples in Southeast Asia, Prambanan temple the main attraction of tourists from around the world. [3]According
Siwagrha inscriptions, this temple was built in about the year 850 AD
by the Rakai Pikatan, and was further developed and expanded by
Balitung Maha Sambu, during Medang Mataram kingdom.
Prambanan Temple in the morning mistPrambanan is the largest and most magnificent Hindu temple ever built in ancient Java, the construction of royal Hindu temple was started by the Rakai Pikatan as opposed to a Buddhist temple of Borobudur temple and also Sewu located not far from Prambanan. Some historians have long suspected that the construction of grand Hindu temple to mark the return to power Sanjaya family on Java, it is related to the theory of twin different dynasty competing beliefs; the Sanjaya dynasty dynasty Sailendra Hindus and Buddhists. Surely, with the construction of this temple marks the return Saiwa Hinduism has the support of the royal family, after the previous dynasty tended to be more supportive Sailendra Mahayana Buddhism. This marks the kingdom Medang switch focus their religious support, from Mahayana Buddhism to the cult of Shiva.The building was first built in 850 AD by the Rakai Pikatan and sustainably enhanced and expanded by King and King Balitung Lokapala Maha Sambu. Based on Siwagrha inscription dates to 856 AD, a shrine was built to glorify the god Shiva, and the original name of this building is Siwagrha in Sanskrit (Sanskrit: Shiva-Graha which means: 'The house of Shiva') or Siwalaya (Sanskrit: Shiva-laya which means: 'aspect of Shiva' or 'Natural Shiva'). [4] In this inscription mentioned that during the construction of the temple Siwagrha underway, the public works carried out are also changes in order to move the flow of river water near this temple. The river in question is Opak river that flows from north to south along the west side of the temple complex of Prambanan. Historians suspect that the original flow of the river is turned curved to the east, and is considered too close to the temple so that erosion of the river can be dangerous to the construction of the temple. Water system project is done by creating a new river that cuts sodetan river curved to the north-south axis along the west wall outside the temple complex. Former native streams and then backfilled to provide a wider field for the construction of a row of ancillary temples (temple or temple guards escort).Some archaeologists argue that statues of Shiva in garbhagriha (main hall) in the temple of Shiva as the main temple is a statue of the king Balitung embodiment, as the statue of his posthumous pedharmaan. [5] The name Prambanan, derived from the name of the village where the temple stood, is thought to change the name of the dialect Java language from "The Brahman," which may refer to the heyday of this temple which formerly filled by the Brahmins.This building complex on a regular basis continues to be refined by the kings of Mataram Medang next, as the king Daksha and Tulodong, and expanded by building hundreds of additional temples around the main temple. Because of the grandeur of this temple, Prambanan temple serves as a great kingdom of Mataram, where a main important royal ceremonies. At the height of its power, historians suspect that hundreds of Brahmin priests and students gathered outside the temple courtyard and inhabit it to study the Vedas and perform various Hindu rituals and ceremonies. While the center of the kingdom or empire of Mataram palace supposedly located somewhere on the plains near the Prambanan Kewu.
Around the year 930-an, capital of the kingdom moved to East Java by MPU Sindok, who founded the dynasty Isyana. The cause of moving the center of power is not known with certainty. However, most probably due to the great eruption of Mount Merapi, which rises about 20 kilometers north of the temple of Prambanan. Other possible causes of war and power struggles. After moving the capital city, Prambanan temple began neglected and uncared for, so this temple slowly begin to deteriorate and collapse.The building of the temple is thought to completely collapse due to severe earthquake in the 16th century. Although no longer a center of Hindu religion and worship, the temple was still recognizable and known to exist by the Javanese people who inhabit the surrounding villages. The temples and statues of Durga in the main building of this temple which is Javanese folklore inspired legend Jonggrang Rara. After the disintegration of the Sultanate of Mataram in 1755, the ruins of temples and the nearby river Opak be a sign of demarcation between the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Surakarta Kasunanan (Solo).
Prambanan temple ruins as soon as discoveredLocals residents in Java around the temple was aware of the existence of this temple. But they do not know the background of real history, whom the king and kingdom of what has been built this monument. As a result of the imagination, the local people creating local tales to explain the origin of the existence of these temples; colored with a fantastic tale about a giant king, thousands of temples built by jinns and spirits dedemit in just one night, as well as the beautiful princess who was cursed to be statues. The legend of Prambanan temple is known as Rara Jonggrang story.In 1733, this temple was found by the CA. Lons a Dutch nationality. This temple is the world's attention when the British occupation of Java. When it was Colin Mackenzie, a subordinate surveyor Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, find this temple. Although Sir Thomas then ordered further investigation, the ruins of this temple remained neglected until the decades. No serious excavations conducted during the 1880s, which unfortunately even enrich the practice of looting and stone carved temples. Then in 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the chambers of the temple. Moments later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale demolition and temple stones were piled haphazardly along the Opak. Statues and reliefs of the temple was taken by a Dutch citizen and used as garden ornaments, while the indigenous use of the temple stones for building materials and house foundation.
The restoration began in 1918, but the real serious effort began in the 1930s. In 1902-1903, Theodoor van Erp keep parts prone to collapse. In the years 1918-1926, followed by the Bureau of Antiquities (Oudheidkundige Dienst) under PJ Perquin a more systematic manner according to the rules of archeology. As is known to his predecessors did the removal and demolition of thousands of stones randomly without considering the restoration effort back. In 1926 De Haan continued until his death in 1930. In 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt up in 1942 and then submitted the leadership of the son of Indonesia's renovation and continued until 1993.Renovation efforts continue to be done even now. The restoration of the Shiva temple is the main temple complex was completed in 1953 and inaugurated by the first President of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno. Many parts of the renovated temple, using a new stone, as many original stones were stolen or reused elsewhere. A temple will only be restored when at least 75% of the original stone is still there. Therefore, many small temples which was rebuilt and it just seemed foundation.Now, this temple was included in a protected World Heritage Site by UNESCO, was awarded UNESCO status in 1991.
Performances of the Ramayana Ballet at Prambanan.Prambanan scenery highlighted when his night lights of the outdoor stage Trimurti.At the beginning of the 1990s the government to move markets and villages spread wildly around the temple, displacing villages and rice paddies in the area around the temple, and the archaeological park memugarnya be. This archaeological park covers a large area along the highway Yogyakarta and Solo in the south, covering the entire temple complex of Prambanan, including the Temple Barn, Temple Bubrah, and Sewu in the north. In 1992 the Government of Indonesia state-owned company, PT Limited Park Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko. Business entity is in charge of managing archaeological park at Borobudur, Prambanan, Ratu Boko, as well as the surrounding region. Prambanan is a famous tourist attraction in Indonesia is visited by many tourists in domestic or foreign tourists.Just across the river Opak complex built Trimurti stage and theater performances are held regularly Ramayana. Trimurti open stage is located right across from the temple on the west bank of the river Opak with Prambanan background highlighted light. Open stage is only used in the dry season, whereas in the rainy season, the show moved on a stage covered. The Javanese Wayang Ramayana dance is a valuable tradition of Javanese court which has hundreds of years old, is usually performed in the palace and began to be shown in Prambanan during the full moon since the 1960s. Since then Prambanan has become a tourist attraction and archaeological culture in Indonesia.After a massive refurbishment of the 1990s, also returned to Prambanan Hindu worship centers in Java. The revival of religious values Prambanan is because there are quite a lot of Hindu society, both migrants from Java, Bali or people who re-embracing Hindu living in Yogyakarta, Klaten and surrounding areas. Each year Hindus from Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces gathered at Prambanan temple to hold the ceremony on the holy day of Galungan, Tawur Kesanga, and Nyepi. On May 27, 2006 earthquake with a strength of 5.9 on the Richter scale (while the United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude 6.2 on the Richter scale) hit Bantul and surrounding areas. The earthquake caused severe damage to many buildings and mortality in the population around. The quake was centered on a tectonic fault Opak a fracture in the direction of the river valley near the Prambanan Opak. One of the badly damaged building is a complex of Prambanan Temple, Brahma Temple in particular. Early photographs show that although the complex of buildings remain intact, the damage is significant. Large rock fragments, including the carved panels, and the peak wajra fell and scattered on the ground. These temples had closed from tourist visits to the damage and danger of collapse can be calculated. Yogyakarta Archaeological Institute states that it can take months to determine the extent of damage caused by this earthquake. [9] [10] A few weeks later, in 2006 the site was re-opened for tours. In 2008, Indonesia recorded a number of 856 029 tourists and 114 951 foreign tourists visited the Prambanan. On January 6, 2009 Nandi temple restoration is complete. [11] In 2009, the space enclosed within the main temple of tourist visits for security reasons.
Prambanan Temple in the morning mistPrambanan is the largest and most magnificent Hindu temple ever built in ancient Java, the construction of royal Hindu temple was started by the Rakai Pikatan as opposed to a Buddhist temple of Borobudur temple and also Sewu located not far from Prambanan. Some historians have long suspected that the construction of grand Hindu temple to mark the return to power Sanjaya family on Java, it is related to the theory of twin different dynasty competing beliefs; the Sanjaya dynasty dynasty Sailendra Hindus and Buddhists. Surely, with the construction of this temple marks the return Saiwa Hinduism has the support of the royal family, after the previous dynasty tended to be more supportive Sailendra Mahayana Buddhism. This marks the kingdom Medang switch focus their religious support, from Mahayana Buddhism to the cult of Shiva.The building was first built in 850 AD by the Rakai Pikatan and sustainably enhanced and expanded by King and King Balitung Lokapala Maha Sambu. Based on Siwagrha inscription dates to 856 AD, a shrine was built to glorify the god Shiva, and the original name of this building is Siwagrha in Sanskrit (Sanskrit: Shiva-Graha which means: 'The house of Shiva') or Siwalaya (Sanskrit: Shiva-laya which means: 'aspect of Shiva' or 'Natural Shiva'). [4] In this inscription mentioned that during the construction of the temple Siwagrha underway, the public works carried out are also changes in order to move the flow of river water near this temple. The river in question is Opak river that flows from north to south along the west side of the temple complex of Prambanan. Historians suspect that the original flow of the river is turned curved to the east, and is considered too close to the temple so that erosion of the river can be dangerous to the construction of the temple. Water system project is done by creating a new river that cuts sodetan river curved to the north-south axis along the west wall outside the temple complex. Former native streams and then backfilled to provide a wider field for the construction of a row of ancillary temples (temple or temple guards escort).Some archaeologists argue that statues of Shiva in garbhagriha (main hall) in the temple of Shiva as the main temple is a statue of the king Balitung embodiment, as the statue of his posthumous pedharmaan. [5] The name Prambanan, derived from the name of the village where the temple stood, is thought to change the name of the dialect Java language from "The Brahman," which may refer to the heyday of this temple which formerly filled by the Brahmins.This building complex on a regular basis continues to be refined by the kings of Mataram Medang next, as the king Daksha and Tulodong, and expanded by building hundreds of additional temples around the main temple. Because of the grandeur of this temple, Prambanan temple serves as a great kingdom of Mataram, where a main important royal ceremonies. At the height of its power, historians suspect that hundreds of Brahmin priests and students gathered outside the temple courtyard and inhabit it to study the Vedas and perform various Hindu rituals and ceremonies. While the center of the kingdom or empire of Mataram palace supposedly located somewhere on the plains near the Prambanan Kewu.
Around the year 930-an, capital of the kingdom moved to East Java by MPU Sindok, who founded the dynasty Isyana. The cause of moving the center of power is not known with certainty. However, most probably due to the great eruption of Mount Merapi, which rises about 20 kilometers north of the temple of Prambanan. Other possible causes of war and power struggles. After moving the capital city, Prambanan temple began neglected and uncared for, so this temple slowly begin to deteriorate and collapse.The building of the temple is thought to completely collapse due to severe earthquake in the 16th century. Although no longer a center of Hindu religion and worship, the temple was still recognizable and known to exist by the Javanese people who inhabit the surrounding villages. The temples and statues of Durga in the main building of this temple which is Javanese folklore inspired legend Jonggrang Rara. After the disintegration of the Sultanate of Mataram in 1755, the ruins of temples and the nearby river Opak be a sign of demarcation between the Sultanate of Yogyakarta and Surakarta Kasunanan (Solo).
Prambanan temple ruins as soon as discoveredLocals residents in Java around the temple was aware of the existence of this temple. But they do not know the background of real history, whom the king and kingdom of what has been built this monument. As a result of the imagination, the local people creating local tales to explain the origin of the existence of these temples; colored with a fantastic tale about a giant king, thousands of temples built by jinns and spirits dedemit in just one night, as well as the beautiful princess who was cursed to be statues. The legend of Prambanan temple is known as Rara Jonggrang story.In 1733, this temple was found by the CA. Lons a Dutch nationality. This temple is the world's attention when the British occupation of Java. When it was Colin Mackenzie, a subordinate surveyor Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, find this temple. Although Sir Thomas then ordered further investigation, the ruins of this temple remained neglected until the decades. No serious excavations conducted during the 1880s, which unfortunately even enrich the practice of looting and stone carved temples. Then in 1855, Jan Willem IJzerman start to clean and move some rocks and soil from the chambers of the temple. Moments later Isaac Groneman perform large-scale demolition and temple stones were piled haphazardly along the Opak. Statues and reliefs of the temple was taken by a Dutch citizen and used as garden ornaments, while the indigenous use of the temple stones for building materials and house foundation.
The restoration began in 1918, but the real serious effort began in the 1930s. In 1902-1903, Theodoor van Erp keep parts prone to collapse. In the years 1918-1926, followed by the Bureau of Antiquities (Oudheidkundige Dienst) under PJ Perquin a more systematic manner according to the rules of archeology. As is known to his predecessors did the removal and demolition of thousands of stones randomly without considering the restoration effort back. In 1926 De Haan continued until his death in 1930. In 1931 was replaced by Ir. V.R. van Romondt up in 1942 and then submitted the leadership of the son of Indonesia's renovation and continued until 1993.Renovation efforts continue to be done even now. The restoration of the Shiva temple is the main temple complex was completed in 1953 and inaugurated by the first President of the Republic of Indonesia Sukarno. Many parts of the renovated temple, using a new stone, as many original stones were stolen or reused elsewhere. A temple will only be restored when at least 75% of the original stone is still there. Therefore, many small temples which was rebuilt and it just seemed foundation.Now, this temple was included in a protected World Heritage Site by UNESCO, was awarded UNESCO status in 1991.
Performances of the Ramayana Ballet at Prambanan.Prambanan scenery highlighted when his night lights of the outdoor stage Trimurti.At the beginning of the 1990s the government to move markets and villages spread wildly around the temple, displacing villages and rice paddies in the area around the temple, and the archaeological park memugarnya be. This archaeological park covers a large area along the highway Yogyakarta and Solo in the south, covering the entire temple complex of Prambanan, including the Temple Barn, Temple Bubrah, and Sewu in the north. In 1992 the Government of Indonesia state-owned company, PT Limited Park Borobudur, Prambanan, and Ratu Boko. Business entity is in charge of managing archaeological park at Borobudur, Prambanan, Ratu Boko, as well as the surrounding region. Prambanan is a famous tourist attraction in Indonesia is visited by many tourists in domestic or foreign tourists.Just across the river Opak complex built Trimurti stage and theater performances are held regularly Ramayana. Trimurti open stage is located right across from the temple on the west bank of the river Opak with Prambanan background highlighted light. Open stage is only used in the dry season, whereas in the rainy season, the show moved on a stage covered. The Javanese Wayang Ramayana dance is a valuable tradition of Javanese court which has hundreds of years old, is usually performed in the palace and began to be shown in Prambanan during the full moon since the 1960s. Since then Prambanan has become a tourist attraction and archaeological culture in Indonesia.After a massive refurbishment of the 1990s, also returned to Prambanan Hindu worship centers in Java. The revival of religious values Prambanan is because there are quite a lot of Hindu society, both migrants from Java, Bali or people who re-embracing Hindu living in Yogyakarta, Klaten and surrounding areas. Each year Hindus from Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces gathered at Prambanan temple to hold the ceremony on the holy day of Galungan, Tawur Kesanga, and Nyepi. On May 27, 2006 earthquake with a strength of 5.9 on the Richter scale (while the United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude 6.2 on the Richter scale) hit Bantul and surrounding areas. The earthquake caused severe damage to many buildings and mortality in the population around. The quake was centered on a tectonic fault Opak a fracture in the direction of the river valley near the Prambanan Opak. One of the badly damaged building is a complex of Prambanan Temple, Brahma Temple in particular. Early photographs show that although the complex of buildings remain intact, the damage is significant. Large rock fragments, including the carved panels, and the peak wajra fell and scattered on the ground. These temples had closed from tourist visits to the damage and danger of collapse can be calculated. Yogyakarta Archaeological Institute states that it can take months to determine the extent of damage caused by this earthquake. [9] [10] A few weeks later, in 2006 the site was re-opened for tours. In 2008, Indonesia recorded a number of 856 029 tourists and 114 951 foreign tourists visited the Prambanan. On January 6, 2009 Nandi temple restoration is complete. [11] In 2009, the space enclosed within the main temple of tourist visits for security reasons.
The temple complex
Architectural model reconstruction of the temple complex of Prambanan, there are 240 temples originally stood in this complex.The
entrance to this building complex located in the four compass
directions, but this is the direction toward the building to the east,
the main entrance of this temple is the east gate. Prambanan temple complex consists of:
3 Temple Trimurti: Shiva temple, Vishnu, and Brahma
3 Temple Vehicle: Nandi temple, Garuda, and the Geese
2 Apit Temple: located between the rows of Trimurti temples and temples rides in the north and south
Temple Screen 4: located in the 4 corners of the wind just inside the entrance courtyard or core zone
4 stilt Temple: located in the 4 corners in a page or core zone
224 Perwara: 4 rows arranged in concentric with the temple of the innermost to the outermost row: 44, 52, 60, and 68So there are a total of 240 temples in the Prambanan complex.Originally there were 240 major and minor temples in the Prambanan temple complex. But now only 18 temples remain; the main temple 8 and 8 small temples in the core zone as well as two ancillary temples. Many ancillary temples that have not been restored, from 224 ancillary temples that have been refurbished only 2, which left only a scattering of stone piles. Prambanan temple complex consists of three zones: the first is the outer zone, the second is a middle zone consisting of hundreds of temples, is the third zone is the zone in which the main temple's holiest place eight and eight small temples.Sectional plan of the temple complex of Prambanan is based on square-yan land consists of three sections or zones, each zone is bounded page stone wall andesite. Outer zone is characterized by a square fence on each side along the 390 meters, with the orientation of the Northeast - Southwest. Unless the remaining southern gate, the other gates and walls of this temple is a lot missing. Function of the external page is not yet known with certainty; possibility of park land is sacred, or dormitory complex Brahmin and his disciples. Maybe once the building standing on the outer page is made of wood, so it has not left weathered and destroyed.Prambanan temple is one of the largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia in addition to Angkor Wat. Three main temple called Trimurti and the main deity is dedicated kepadantiga Trimurti: Shiva the Destroyer, Vishnu the Preserver, and Brahma the Creator. Shiva in this temple complex are preferable and more exalted than the other two god Trimurti. Shiva temple as the main building as well as the largest and highest, rises as high as 47 meters.
3 Temple Trimurti: Shiva temple, Vishnu, and Brahma
3 Temple Vehicle: Nandi temple, Garuda, and the Geese
2 Apit Temple: located between the rows of Trimurti temples and temples rides in the north and south
Temple Screen 4: located in the 4 corners of the wind just inside the entrance courtyard or core zone
4 stilt Temple: located in the 4 corners in a page or core zone
224 Perwara: 4 rows arranged in concentric with the temple of the innermost to the outermost row: 44, 52, 60, and 68So there are a total of 240 temples in the Prambanan complex.Originally there were 240 major and minor temples in the Prambanan temple complex. But now only 18 temples remain; the main temple 8 and 8 small temples in the core zone as well as two ancillary temples. Many ancillary temples that have not been restored, from 224 ancillary temples that have been refurbished only 2, which left only a scattering of stone piles. Prambanan temple complex consists of three zones: the first is the outer zone, the second is a middle zone consisting of hundreds of temples, is the third zone is the zone in which the main temple's holiest place eight and eight small temples.Sectional plan of the temple complex of Prambanan is based on square-yan land consists of three sections or zones, each zone is bounded page stone wall andesite. Outer zone is characterized by a square fence on each side along the 390 meters, with the orientation of the Northeast - Southwest. Unless the remaining southern gate, the other gates and walls of this temple is a lot missing. Function of the external page is not yet known with certainty; possibility of park land is sacred, or dormitory complex Brahmin and his disciples. Maybe once the building standing on the outer page is made of wood, so it has not left weathered and destroyed.Prambanan temple is one of the largest Hindu temple in Southeast Asia in addition to Angkor Wat. Three main temple called Trimurti and the main deity is dedicated kepadantiga Trimurti: Shiva the Destroyer, Vishnu the Preserver, and Brahma the Creator. Shiva in this temple complex are preferable and more exalted than the other two god Trimurti. Shiva temple as the main building as well as the largest and highest, rises as high as 47 meters.
Temple of Shiva
Shiva temple, main temples in the Prambanan temple complex dedicated to Lord Shiva.Mahesasuramardini Durga in the north of the Shiva temple.Pages in the zone of the third holiest temple complex zone. The court surface is elevated and enclosed square berdenah stone fence with four gates in four directions of the compass. In
our pan of sand there are eight main temples; the three main temple
called the temple of Trimurti ("three states"), dedicated to the three
supreme Hindu gods: Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva
the Destruction.Shiva
temple as the main temple is the largest building in the temple complex
as well centipede Jonggrang Rara, measuring 47 meters high and 34
meters wide. Mastaka peak or summit of the temple is crowned modification diamond symbolizing wajra form or thunder. This is a form wajra sandingan Hindu version of the stupa is a Buddhist temple found on the summit. Shiva
temple hall surrounded by galleries decorated with reliefs that tell
the story of the Ramayana; engraved on the wall in the balcony railing.
On top of this balustrade fence line that also shaped wajra summit. To
follow the story order, visitors must enter from the east side, then do
pradakshina the suit revolves around the temple clockwise. This led to the Ramayana Brahma Temple.Shiva
temple in the middle, containing five rooms, one room in every
direction of the wind and one garbagriha, namely the main and largest
room in the middle of the temple. Eastern
room is connected to the main room where resides a statue of Shiva
Mahadeva (Shiva as the embodiment of Supreme Deity) as high as three
meters. This
statue has Lakçana (attribute or symbol) of Shiva, the chandrakapala
(skull above the crescent moon), jatamakuta (crown of glory), and
trinetra (third eye) on the forehead. This
statue has four arms holding the attributes of Shiva, such as aksamala
(rosary), camara (fly repellent horse tail hair), and trident. This statue is wearing upawita (caste rope) shaped serpent (cobra). Shiva is depicted wearing a loincloth of tiger skin, is depicted with carved heads, paws, and tail of the tiger in his thigh. Some
historians beranggapa that this is a manifestation of Shiva statue
Balitung king as a god Shiva, as the statue of his posthumous
pedharmaan. So
when the king is dead, her spirit is considered to be reunited with the
god Shiva penitisnya. Mahadeva Shiva statue is standing on a lotus
pedestal on a square base of the yoni-shaped northern side engraved
serpent (cobra).Three other smaller space saving statues smaller size associated with Shiva. In
the southern room there is Rishi Agastya, Shiva's son Ganesha in the
west, and in the north there is a statue of sakti or wife of Shiva,
Durga Mahesasuramardini, described as a repellent Mahisasura Durga, the
giant bull that attacked swargaloka. Durga is also called Rara Jonggrang (slender virgin) by the locals. This statue is the daughter of legendary figures associated with Jonggrang Rara.
Temple of Brahma and Vishnu TempleTwo other temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu, located on the north side and one dedicated to Brahma, which is located on the south side. Both this temple faces east and there is only one room, which is dedicated to these gods. Brahma Temple Brahma statue store and save the statue of Vishnu Vishnu temple measuring nearly 3 meters high. Brahma and Vishnu temple size is the same, ie, a width of 20 meters and 33 meters high.
Temple Forum
Garuda temple, one temple ridesTrimurti
right in front of the temple there are three smaller temples of Brahma
and Vishnu temple rather than a vehicle or a vehicle dedicated to the
gods; Shiva rides the bull Nandi, the vehicle Goose Brahma, Vishnu and
the Garuda vehicle. The temples of this vehicle is located right in front of the god of their riders. In front of the Shiva temple there is a Nandi temple, in which there are statues of Nandi bulls. On the wall behind the statue of Nandi is on the left and right flank the statue of Chandra the moon god and sun god Surya. Chandra
depicted standing on a horse drawn carriage 10, while Surya standing on
a horse drawn carriage 7. Right in front of the temple there are
temples of Brahma Geese. The temple was empty and there are no statues of swans in it. Maybe once enthroned statues of swans as a vehicle of Brahma in it. In
front of the Vishnu temple there are temples dedicated to Garuda, but
just as the temple goose, in this temple Garuda statue was not found. Garuda statue probably had been present in this temple. Until now, Garuda became an important symbol in Indonesia, namely as a symbol of Garuda Pancasila.
Temple Apit, Screen Temple, and Temple stiltIn the sixth line of the main temples have temple Apit. Apit temple size is almost equal to the size of the ancillary temples, which is 14 meters high with a footprint of 6 x 6 meter floor plan. Besides the main temple there are eight small temples in the form of a small temple that may function like a Balinese Hindu temple pelinggihan in place put the cymbals or offerings, as well as a protective cover at the front entrance. These small temples, namely: 4 Screen Temple at the four corners of the compass in front of the entrance, and four stilt temple at every corner. Screen Temple and the Temple of stilt-shaped miniature temple without a ladder with a height of about 2 meters.
PerwaraBerdenah two walls confining square in two pages, arranged in accordance with the orientation of the four directions of the compass. The second wall measuring 225 meters long on each side. In between these two walls is the second page or second zone. The second zone consists of 224 ancillary temples are arranged in four concentric rows. The temples were built on the four steps of the terraces are more into the middle of a little higher. Four lines of these temples are smaller than the main temple. The temples are called "Perwara" guardian of the temple or the temple that is complementary. Ancillary temples arranged in four rows of concentric inner row consists of 44 temples, 52 temples second row, third row 60 of the temple, and the fourth line as well as the outer row consists of 68 temples.Each of these ancillary temples as high as 14 meters with a footprint of 6 x 6 meter floor plan, and the total number of ancillary temples on this page is 224 temple. All of these ancillary temple has a staircase and the entrance to the direction toward the main, except the 16 temples in the corner that has two staircases and two entrances facing outwards. If most of the roof of the temple on the page in the zone wajra shaped core, then the roof ancillary temples symbolizing the jewel-shaped jewel.Originally there were many temples are there in this page, but few have been restored. Form ancillary temples are designed uniforms. Historians suspect that the temples are financed and built by local authorities as a sign of devotion and dedication to the king. While there is an argument that links the four lines of ancillary temples symbolize the four castes, and only those members of that caste is allowed to enter and worship in it; row in accessible only by Brahmins, next to the outer line is the line of the temple to Ksatriya, Vaishya, and Sudra. While others thought there was no relation between the ancillary temples and the four castes. Rows of possible ancillary temples used for worship, or penance (meditation) for the pastor and his people.
Architecture
Cross section of the Shiva templePrambanan temple architecture guided by the traditions of Hindu architecture is based on the book Wastu Literature. Plan megikuti temple mandala pattern, while the towering form of the temple is a typical Hindu temple. Prambanan
Siwagrha real name and was designed to resemble the home of Shiva, the
sacred mountain Mahameru following form, where the gods dwell. All
parts of the temple complex modeled on the concept of the universe
according to Hindu cosmology, which is divided into several layers of
the realm, natural or Loka.Such as Borobudur, Prambanan temple also has a level zones, ranging from the less sacred to the most sacred zone. Although different names, each of these Hindu concept has sandingannya the Buddhist concept of essentially similar. Land either horizontally or vertically plan is divided into three zones: [16]
* Bhurloka (in Buddhism: Kamadhatu), is the lowest realm of mortals; humans, animals, spirits and demons as well. In this sphere is still bound with less human passions, desires, and ways of life that is not holy. Page terlar and foot of the temple symbolizes the realm of bhurloka.
* Bhuwarloka (in Buddhism: Rupadhatu), is a natural tegah, where saints, sages, ascetics, and petty gods. In human nature began to see the light of truth. Central courtyard and the temple symbolizes the realm of bhuwarloka.
* Swarloka (in Buddhism: Arupadhatu), is the holiest places at once trtinggi realm of the gods dwell, also called swargaloka. Inner courtyard and roof of the temple symbolizes the realm of swarloka. The roof of the temples at Prambanan complex is decorated with a jewel mastaka peak (Sanskrit: gems), Prambanan is a modified form of jewel which symbolizes wajra form diamond or thunderbolt. In ancient Javanese Hindu architecture, Ratna is sandingan Hindu to Buddhist stupa, which serves as a peak or mastaka temple.At the time of restoration, just below the statue of Shiva in the main hall there is a Shiva temple there didasarnya wells pripih (stone box). The well is deep and 5.75 meters pripih stone coffin was found above the pile of charcoal, wood, soil, and animal bones of victims. Contained in this pripih sacred objects such as gold leaf inscribed with characters Waruna (god of the sea) and Parwata (mountain god). In the stone coffin was found a sheet of copper mixed with charcoal, ash, and soil, 20 ancient coins, a few grains of gems, glass, pieces of gold, and silver sheets, shells, and 12 sheets of gold (5 of them in the form of turtles, snakes dragons (cobra), lotus, altar, and eggs).
* Bhurloka (in Buddhism: Kamadhatu), is the lowest realm of mortals; humans, animals, spirits and demons as well. In this sphere is still bound with less human passions, desires, and ways of life that is not holy. Page terlar and foot of the temple symbolizes the realm of bhurloka.
* Bhuwarloka (in Buddhism: Rupadhatu), is a natural tegah, where saints, sages, ascetics, and petty gods. In human nature began to see the light of truth. Central courtyard and the temple symbolizes the realm of bhuwarloka.
* Swarloka (in Buddhism: Arupadhatu), is the holiest places at once trtinggi realm of the gods dwell, also called swargaloka. Inner courtyard and roof of the temple symbolizes the realm of swarloka. The roof of the temples at Prambanan complex is decorated with a jewel mastaka peak (Sanskrit: gems), Prambanan is a modified form of jewel which symbolizes wajra form diamond or thunderbolt. In ancient Javanese Hindu architecture, Ratna is sandingan Hindu to Buddhist stupa, which serves as a peak or mastaka temple.At the time of restoration, just below the statue of Shiva in the main hall there is a Shiva temple there didasarnya wells pripih (stone box). The well is deep and 5.75 meters pripih stone coffin was found above the pile of charcoal, wood, soil, and animal bones of victims. Contained in this pripih sacred objects such as gold leaf inscribed with characters Waruna (god of the sea) and Parwata (mountain god). In the stone coffin was found a sheet of copper mixed with charcoal, ash, and soil, 20 ancient coins, a few grains of gems, glass, pieces of gold, and silver sheets, shells, and 12 sheets of gold (5 of them in the form of turtles, snakes dragons (cobra), lotus, altar, and eggs).
Relief
Reliefs
at Prambanan shows Ravana kidnapped Shinta who was riding a winged
giant, while the bird Jatayu in the upper left to try to help Shinta.Typical
panel Prambanan, a lion in the Kalpataru tree flanked by two niches,
each flanked by sapasang kinnaras-kinnari or a pair of wildlife.[Edit] Ramayana and KrishnayanaThe temple is decorated with a narrative that tells the epic Hindu Ramayana and Krishnayana. This
revolves around the series of reliefs carved on the inner wall of the
gallery balustrade along the corridor that surrounds the three main
temples. Relief is read from right to left to move clockwise around the temple. This is consistent with pradaksina ritual, the ritual surrounding the shrine by pilgrims in a clockwise direction. Ramayana story begins on the east side of the Shiva temple and proceed to the temple of Brahma temple. On the balustrade of Vishnu temple there Krishnayana narrative reliefs that tell the life of Krishna as one Awatara Vishnu.Relief Ramayana describes how Shinta, wife of Rama, was abducted by Ravana. Commander of the Vanara (ape), Hanuman, come to find Alengka to help Rama Shinta. This
story is also featured in the Ramayana, the Javanese wayang
performances are staged regularly at Trimurti open stage every night of
the full moon. Trimurti backdrop is the magnificent view of the three main temples are illuminated with lights.
Lokapala, Brahmins, and the GodsNarrative
relief panels on the other side, above the temple of the body wall
along the gallery decorated with statues and reliefs depicting the gods
and sages brahmanas. Lokapala statues of gods, heavenly guardian gods of the wind directions can be found in the Shiva temple. While the statues of the Brahmin authors contained in the Vedas Brahma temple. In the temple there are statues of gods Vishnu flanked by two apsaras or celestial nymph.
On the outer side wall of the temple is adorned by a row of niches (niche) that holds the stone lions flanked by two panels depicting the life Kalpataru tree. This holy tree in Hindu-Buddhist mythology considered to be a tree that can meet the expectations and needs of humans. At the foot of the tree is flanked by a pair Kalpataru kinnaras-kinnari (magical animal-headed human bodied birds), or a couple other animals such as birds, deer, sheep, monkeys, horses, elephants, and others. Kalpataru is flanked by lion pattern typical pattern found only in Prambanan, because that's called "Prambanan panels".
On the outer side wall of the temple is adorned by a row of niches (niche) that holds the stone lions flanked by two panels depicting the life Kalpataru tree. This holy tree in Hindu-Buddhist mythology considered to be a tree that can meet the expectations and needs of humans. At the foot of the tree is flanked by a pair Kalpataru kinnaras-kinnari (magical animal-headed human bodied birds), or a couple other animals such as birds, deer, sheep, monkeys, horses, elephants, and others. Kalpataru is flanked by lion pattern typical pattern found only in Prambanan, because that's called "Prambanan panels".
Museum PrambananIn the ancient temple complex of Prambanan park there is a museum that holds a variety of findings of ancient artifacts. The museum is located on the north side of Prambanan Temple, the temple Prambanan and Granary. The museum is built in traditional Javanese architecture, a house joglo. Stored
in the museum collection is a variety of stone temples and many statues
were found in the vicinity of Prambanan temple; such as statues of
Nandi bulls, sage Agastya, Shiva, Vishnu, Garuda, and the statue of
Durga Mahesasuramardini, including the Shiva Linga stone, a symbol fertility.Finding
treasures of gold replica of the famous Wonoboyo, depicting the
Ramayana carved bowls, scoop, bag, money, and gold jewelry, as well
dipamekan in this museum. Wonoboyo the original findings are now stored at the National Museum of Indonesia in Jakarta. Replicas of some of the architectural models such as Prambanan temple, Borobudur, and Plaosan also exhibited in this museum. The museum is accessible free of charge by park visitors since the ancient Prambanan park entrance fee is included this museum. Audio-visual show about the Prambanan temple is also shown here.
Other temples in the Prambanan
Temples and archaeological sites around the Plain KewuSewu, who entered a Buddhist temple in Prambanan Purbalaka Park neighborhood, is associated with the legend Rara JonggrangKewu
Prambanan plains or plains is a fertile plain that stretches between
the southern foot of the slopes of Mount Merapi in the north and the
limestone mountain range in southern Sewu, near the border of
Yogyakarta and Klaten, Central Java. In
addition to Prambanan temple, valleys and plains around Prambanan
temple is rich in archaeological heritage of the earliest Buddhist
temples in Indonesia's history, as well as Hindu temples. Prambanan temple is surrounded by Buddhist temples. Still in the complex archaeological park, not far north there are the ruins of Prambanan temples and temple Bubrah barn. Farther north again there Sewu temple, the largest Buddhist temple Borobudur second. Further east there is a temple Plaosan. In the west there is a temple of Prambanan temple Kalasan and Sari. While
in the south there is a temple Sojiwan, Ratu Baka located in the hills,
and the temple Banyunibo, Barong temple, and temple Ijo.With
the discovery of so many historic relics of the temples are just a few
hundred yards of each other, indicating that the area around Prambanan
in ancient times is an important area. Area that has significant value both in terms of religious, political, economic, and cultural. Suspected central Medang Mataram kingdom located somewhere on the plains. Wealth
of archaeological sites, as well as the sophistication and beauty of
the temple, Prambanan temple is not less plain made with other
well-known historic areas in Southeast Asia, such as the archaeological
site of ancient city of Angkor, Bagan, and Ayutthaya.
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